A Decade of Digitization: How Museums Are Saving the Planet, One Specimen at a Time

This article was first published by MuseumNext.

The Natural History Museum in London holds 80 million specimens — and 80 million stories. For decades, these stories lived behind the scenes, accessible only to researchers. Now, they’re being unlocked one pixel at a time.

“Globally, natural history collections hold some 1.1 billion objects,” said Jennifer Pullar, Science Communications Manager at the Natural History Museum. “But only 16% are digitised and discoverable for study by anyone, anywhere in the world.” That small slice is already transforming what scientists know about biodiversity, pandemics, and even the food on our plates. Imagine the possibilities if the rest were unlocked.

When a Beetle Surprises Science

Digitization is often thought of as a clerical task: photographing, cataloguing, and uploading records. But sometimes, the process produces fresh discoveries. Pullar recounted one such moment when her team digitised their six-millionth specimen: Calosoma sycophanta, a jewel-toned beetle that preys on invasive caterpillars.

“As our digitizer, Louise, was imaging the specimen, she noticed scales around the mouth of the beetle,” Pullar explained. “Curators had previously just put this down to dirt. Further investigation confirmed these were scales from an adult moth.”

This was new knowledge. Until then, no one had recorded the species feeding on adult moths. In Pullar’s words: “Digitization not only catalogues and shares data with the world—it contributes new scientific knowledge.”